https://www.subermarineworks.com/intro daily 1.0 2023-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1700711030730-6RUWDPS48LO4I7FEI230/wood-architect-table-work1.jpg Subermarine Works https://www.subermarineworks.com/our-projects daily 0.75 2025-09-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581989221106-VHSIJVHQ48FQP5GX4YEX/FlameArrestor1.jpg Our Projects - Hybrid Jet Engine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581388262495-HO6DKDSEWZAWT13ZRSGT/RamjetIupfanSupers%C3%B3nico.jpg Our Projects - Ramjet Works https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581390128731-PJYH9AH39YZEH3TO0JCX/MetalBuddy.jpg Our Projects - Metal Shop Buddy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592752154094-UXAX9THAS2KTGFJ80LXY/Assembly1.REV1.jpg Our Projects - Small Turboprop Engine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581988636337-VNI3OI0FV1C2440P77M7/SWLogo5.png Our Projects https://www.subermarineworks.com/who-we-are daily 0.75 2023-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1569286821024-UT2RJDLS606FRXB6CHK0/SWLogo5.png Who we are https://www.subermarineworks.com/your-idea-or-ours daily 0.75 2023-11-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1569286865229-AZEGM3OAZQ6ZV46BTOCD/SWLogo5.png Your Idea or Ours https://www.subermarineworks.com/mini-dart daily 0.75 2020-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581977093713-ZHM1PRHR0UBM91TUH63C/RR+DART.rev.jpg Mini Dart The Rolls Royce Dart RB.53 is a masterpiece, was the first turboprop with commercial success, being launched originally in 1946 stayed in production until 1987. Many times masterpieces are endurable sources of inspiration. From this masterpiece we are deriving important basic concepts that has remain unchanged over time but that are often forgotten. The RR Dart is the source of inspiration for our MINI DART General Aviation Small Turboprop Proposal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590264844571-TDN2NI10ZF6X0JFK4V77/Assembly1.REV1.jpg Mini Dart - MINI DART SMALL TURBOPROP ENGINE Our proposal: Two stages centrifugal compression, higher pressure ratio. Gas generator rpm below 50,000 rpm FADEC We are proposing a small turboprop engine for general aviation, proposed power range is from 160HP to 200HP. Future holds no place for gasoline. so Jet A-1 will be like the only aviation fuel, meaning, two alternatives will be only available, diesel or turboprop. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589848297507-BTXKP4BO9QDVQ8HDUNZB/RotorMiniDart.jpg Mini Dart - Project Stages Our project comprises following stages: STAGE 1: Proof of Concept Design and Construction of small demonstrator that will enable us to validate: 1. 2 stage centrifugal compression. 2. 2 stage gas generator turbine plus 1 stage power turbine. 3. Power take off and gearbox. 4. Bench testing. https://www.subermarineworks.com/contact daily 0.75 2025-02-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1581981042820-OATNINGY54B53YDTNRAP/SWLogo5.png Contact https://www.subermarineworks.com/mini-dart-progress daily 0.75 2020-06-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592752961677-J837HV64PYDAFOHKQ565/Gas+Generator Mini Dart Progress - Gas Generator A tunnel bearing will carry main bearings, a third bearing will install forward in order to provide more rotor stability for compressor impellers, our plan is to assembly proposed rotor and run spinning tests, This a dynamic project so changes will occur constantly along the way. Weight consideration for POC is not a limitation at this project stage, so we will use any material available to us, for final design weight will be a major constrain so all components will be optimized as such. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592752262588-P86E73Z7NS4NCUPES55U/Assembly1.REV1.png Mini Dart Progress - Original Layout In our original layout we were considering 03 stage turbines: 01 for high pressure impeller; 01 for low pressure impeller and 01 for power take-off. Implications and limitations were immediately apparent, all 03 turbine discs will spin at same RPM’s, compressor impellers requires rotational speeds of around 70,000 rpm, so implications for power turbine will demand a higher ratio gearbox with all corresponding consequences. We concluded our Proof of Concept to have a gas generator and a free power turbine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592759072169-LO9YM7TFX34YHIW3GDC1/RR+DART.rev.jpg Mini Dart Progress - Rolls Royce RR53 DART https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592759264585-6J0TL1UFZ72APXGV6ONB/Assembly1.REV1.jpg Mini Dart Progress - Original 3 Turbine Discs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1592759424667-H5MHAXYCESL8X3I4Y5QF/Assembly1.REV1.jpg Mini Dart Progress - Gas Generator https://www.subermarineworks.com/ramjet daily 0.75 2020-05-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590023452262-SMUBCPLXVQYRNN2KHSL8/Brayton_cycle.svg.png Ramjet - Ramjet Operating Principles The Ramjet operates on the Brayton Thermodynamic Cycle. A Brayton cycle comprises four basic processes: 1-2 Compression The Ramjet achieves compression by decelerating the air velocity and converting that energy into pressure, what is known as Ram pressure. This helps explain one basic fact of Ramjets, it can only generate thrust when it is in motion, Ramjets cannot generate static thrust. 2-3 Heat Addition This process consist basically in fuel being added to incoming air, it’s pressure already increased from station 1 to 2. Air-Fuel mixture is ignited and temperature is increased, basically, energy from the fuel is added to the air stream by means of combustion, at station 3 our air stream is loaded with energy in terms of pressure and temperature. 3-4 Expansion Expansion consist of bringing a high pressure flow to a low pressure flow. In the Ramjet this expansion takes place through a nozzle, basically the nozzle will convert the high energy flow (Pressure and Temperature) into a high velocity flow at low pressure (normally atmospheric pressure). The change in velocity and the mass flow through the engine determine the thrust. τ (Thrust) = ṁ * (v4-v1) ṁ mass flowrate v4 velocity at ramjet exit v1 velocity at ramjet inlet (flight speed) 4-1 Heat Rejection Like any thermodynamic cycle heat is rejected, in the ramjet this heat is in the form of the hot velocity combustion gases at its exit. This is energy that it is lost. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590845805392-B4U5XO4AQU9QSETHGHCS/I-153DM.jpg Ramjet - Polikarpov I-153DM Russia holds the distinction of installing the first ramjet for testing. Two gasoline fueled ramjet were installed to a Polikarpov biplane I-153DM (Dopolnityelnyi Motor – supplementary engine). On an experimental basis, the I-153DM was flown with gasoline-burning ramjet engines under the wings. DM-2 engines increased the top speed by 30 km/h (19 mph) while more powerful DM-4 engines added as much as 50 km/h (31 mph). A total of 74 flights were undertaken. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853502892-SBPQN328JYQGXWA2TG3T/4bref2syvqc21.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590023996098-O83205OSKRA57IDLE173/me1.png Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853526335-IS3QAQW0F1RCLHQOSXWU/Missile_Industry_Marquardt_Ramjet_Engine_P_1.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590023905761-HDWV2FRI22K2FE32U54R/Languedoc.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853586150-J5WEBINOJSW9FCZGTFTM/Leduc010.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853601070-KV0Y46RR65Z9FE49W3PC/leduc_022.gif Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853544746-S961M0EOWWHH8PPCU6OO/RIM-8E+cutaway+1024+C.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853556124-WUIF2W5TWHKHFJ0T66F0/BOMARC+WPAFB.JPG Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590855003857-GKVI59C5QAWMU1DY2CSG/HRE+X-15.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590855042458-LWBBOHWVR9MHP6N703XJ/343094main_EC67-1731_full.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853568275-IDR015FAAPHQL4WDLOXV/Bloodhound.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853626102-XGAQG1HLT7H4P92BSYAB/sea_dart_missile_3d_model_c4d_max_obj_fbx_ma_lwo_3ds_3dm_stl_647173.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589853702154-7AF4UC3TIHVUC3SI5UPT/70ed817be43deb0771b17d077fcde520.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590025584066-D9ONW4XMX7WF38A5PTJC/3025679-side.jpg Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589854044975-KMRLEKNC2BSDOOFT82DZ/X-51.JPG Ramjet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589854416872-EOFIX4QXYUS2D4T41UYV/X-51+lght.jpg Ramjet - Why Ramjet? The Ramjet holds the key for supersonic flight, its descendant is known as SCRAMJET (supersonic combustion Ramjet), the Scramjet will make possible hypersonic (M>5) flight, as researchers were frenetic in the 50’s, 50 years later same prolific activity is taking place today, so we are at the dawn of a new era. Subermarine has decided to take part and explore propulsive solutions based on the Ramjet and Scramjet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590846534388-Z641ZONUPI3LVZU6PM92/CCAFS_Navaho_%28Large%29.jpg Ramjet - SM-64 NAVAHO The North American SM-64 Navaho was a supersonic intercontinental cruise missile project built by North American Aviation (NAA). The final design was capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to the USSR from bases in the US, while cruising at Mach 3 (3,675 km/h; 2,284 mph) at 60,000 feet (18,000 m) altitude. The missile is named after the Navajo Nation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589850145186-EZ1ETFUTZT1VJDP9Y8LY/ReneLorin.jpg Ramjet - Ramjet a brief story Rene Lorin The Ramjet was officially invented by Frenchman Rene Lorin, he was the first person to recognize the possibility of using Ram air pressure in a propulsion device. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590846276032-PU49VR8UM6C7Y54M09PP/Leduc010.1.jpg Ramjet - Leduc 010 Designed by René Leduc in 1938, it was built at the Breguet Aviation factory after a protracted, semi-secret construction phase kept at arm's length from German occupation authorities, and was finally completed in 1947. The aircraft featured a double-walled fuselage, with the pilot controlling the aircraft from within the inner shell. The circular gap between this and the outer, cylindrical shell provided the inlet for the ramjet. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1589851230698-BF69MGM6LMHHO8N0TTJ6/Albert_Fono%27s_ramjet-cannonball_in_1915-hu.jpg Ramjet - Albert Fonó Albert Fonó (born 2 July 1881 in Budapest, d. 21 November 1972 in Budapest), a successful Hungarian mechanical engineer who was one of the early pioneers of turbojet and ramjet propulsion and was first to patent a ramjet engine and a turbojet engine in 1928 (granted in 1932). In 1915 he devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile combined with a ramjet propulsion unit. This was to make it possible to obtain a long range with low initial muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. Fonó submitted his invention to the Austro-Hungarian Army but the proposal was rejected.[1] https://www.subermarineworks.com/ramjet-works daily 0.75 2020-05-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590367222810-B2I2AD577A2GRF1PUXYX/RamjetSubsonic5.png Ramjet Works - Subsonic Ramjet Engine In order to understand and validate concepts, Subermarine developed a Subsonic Ramjet Concept. Main objective is basically to understand combustion process, fuel injection, flameholding, required combustor length. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590251047913-2YH67D5M47SDBTWS4HDA/RamjetSubsonic3.jpg Ramjet Works - Subsonic Ramjet The subsonic ramjet is optimized for a Mach Number around 0.8, reasons are compression process includes both external compression (Von Ohain/Whittle) and internal compression, the external compression is almost an adiabatic process, the air inlet area is captured upstream and air is slow down to engine inlet area, hence pressure is recovered, you can see this on the T-s points a-1. The internal compression process is air moving against an increased pressure gradient of a divergent passage, this pressure will incur in losses and therefore is not a straight line but a line from points 1 - 2, an irreversible process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590199199114-8G8LJ1R657V5YQ7SLI6A/IMG_4509.1.jpg Ramjet Works - Flameholding In spite of the many developments done during 50’s and 60’s , we need to find or use already proven ideas so we can keep costs down. Our original design called for V gutters ring for flame holding, our Low Supersonic Ramjet is just 90mm diameter, making V gutters out of stainless metal sheet in such small diameter proved to be extremely difficult, unless you build some dies and stamped, also you can machine, but these solutions will increase cost at this stage, we decided to do a combination of gutter rings plus perforated baffle (Contribution of Talos Ramjet). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590199135759-2I4UW7KREB5TLK6IWT85/IMG_4517.JPG Ramjet Works - Mounting Strut Our test will mount Ramjet strut support to a linear cart in order to demonstrate one basic principle of Ramjets, which is its ability to produce thrust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1590199069861-R3881GG68GGAF389DYZK/IMG_4513.JPG Ramjet Works - Low Supersonic Ramjet As stated in the objectives for the Subsonic Ramjet Concept we wanted to understand combustion process, fuel injection, flameholding, required combustor length. We decided to design and build a Low Supersonic Ramjet, and the reason was to explore supersonic inlet design and internal component validation will be same as Subsonic Ramjet. At this point we will start soon testing using Propane gas fuel, then after testing progress we will design a liquid fuel injector ring and the means for achieving optimal fuel atomization. https://www.subermarineworks.com/about-intro-mojave daily 0.75 2023-11-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5aef35703c3a531e6246f480/1701224027215-0H8UAIE1A76OZJECR8E3/wood-architect-table-work1.jpg About Intro